lf you want to explain what is not being done, happening etc., you need the negative. This is formed with нe before the conjugated verb (i.e. verb in a tense).
(А) “Не” should be placed immediately before the verb:
Он не работает.
He isn't working.
Мы не знаем, когда она придёт.
We don't know whеn shе will arrive.
(B) As the verb to be has no present tense, the word нет is used to mean there is/are not; this is always used with the genitive of the thing which is lacking:
У меня нет времени.
I have no time (lit.: by me there is not any fime).
Его нет дома. He is not at hоmе (lit.: of him there is not at home).
(C) The following negative words must always include не and a conjugated verb; in English we can say, e.g., nowhere or not anywhere, but Russian has only one way of making such negative phrases:
The negatives ничего and никто decline like что and кто. If they are used with a preposition, then the preposition must follow the ни part of the word:
Я никого не знаю. I don’t know anyone.
Я ни о ком не думаю. I'm not thinking about anyone.
Я ничего не знаю. I don’t know anything.
Я ни о чём не думаю. I'm not thinking about anything.
To be continued
(А) “Не” should be placed immediately before the verb:
Он не работает.
He isn't working.
Мы не знаем, когда она придёт.
We don't know whеn shе will arrive.
(B) As the verb to be has no present tense, the word нет is used to mean there is/are not; this is always used with the genitive of the thing which is lacking:
У меня нет времени.
I have no time (lit.: by me there is not any fime).
Его нет дома. He is not at hоmе (lit.: of him there is not at home).
(C) The following negative words must always include не and a conjugated verb; in English we can say, e.g., nowhere or not anywhere, but Russian has only one way of making such negative phrases:
| ничего не | nothing, not... anything |
| никогда не | never, not ... ever |
| нигде не | nowhere, not ... anywhere (of position, location) |
| никуда не | nowhere, not... anywhere (of direction, movement towards) |
| никто не | no one, not anyone |
| Negative word | Example |
| ничего nothing | Я ничего не понимаю. I don’t understand anything. |
| никогда never | Я никогда не смотрю телевизор. I never watch television. |
| нигде nowhere (оf position) | Я нигде не вижу ключи. I can’t see the keys anywhere. |
| никуда nowhere (of direction) | Вы никуда не идёте сегодня? Aren't you going anywhere today? |
| никто no one | Никто не понимает её. No one understands her. |
Я никого не знаю. I don’t know anyone.
Я ни о ком не думаю. I'm not thinking about anyone.
Я ничего не знаю. I don’t know anything.
Я ни о чём не думаю. I'm not thinking about anything.
To be continued
Большое спасибо. I will try to learn this by heart. Стараю.
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